18 March 2026
A practical guide to choosing an effective course of action, with realistic expectations.
Laser hair removal is one of the most effective methods for gradually reducing hair regrowth, but the results depend on skin type and hair characteristics, the technology used, and whether the treatment protocol is followed correctly (consultation, settings, pre- and post-treatment instructions). In this guide, you’ll find the basics to help you understand how it works, the differences between the main types of laser and IPL, how many sessions to expect, and which safety precautions really matter in the Swiss context (O-LRNIS).
INTRODUCTION
When we talk about “permanent laser hair removal”, the term “permanent” can be misleading; in fact, the most realistic goal in most cases is a significant and long-lasting reduction in hair growth, thereby making your grooming routine much simpler than frequent waxing or shaving. However, new hairs – sparse, sporadic and finer – may still grow back, which is why 1–2 maintenance sessions per year are recommended to maintain the results achieved.
In this context, it is important to always bear in mind the three pillars on which the success of laser hair removal treatments is based:
- skin type and hair type
- technology used
- the practitioner’s training, ensuring they use the correct settings and provide pre- and post-treatment instructions
It is important to note that this guide is not intended as medical advice. If you have any skin conditions, suspicious lesions or are undergoing specific treatments, you should consult a doctor before starting. However, if you are seeking detailed information because you are considering laser treatment for practical reasons (convenience, irritation, folliculitis, managing regrowth), having some clear criteria will help you make a better choice and recognise a carefully planned treatment plan.
CHAPTER 1 – REALISTIC RESULTS: WHAT TO EXPECT, WHAT NOT TO EXPECT
Laser hair removal works well when the target is ‘suitable’: hair with sufficient pigment (melanin) and characteristics consistent with the skin type. The reason is simple: the laser primarily targets the melanin in the hair. This is why white and very light-coloured hairs respond little or not at all.
The most useful thing to bear in mind is this: the aim is to achieve a significant and lasting reduction in hair growth. After a full course of treatment, in most cases, only occasional touch-ups will be needed, particularly in areas affected by hormonal factors (the face, beard area, and linea alba).
Three key points to bear in mind for maintaining a healthy outlook:
- Bear in mind that results may vary depending on the area and hair density;
- Bear in mind the limitations (light-coloured hair, fine hair) and the need for consistency;
- Bear in mind that a schedule with sensible intervals is required, not just ‘whenever it suits’.
CHAPTER 2 – HOW LASERS WORK: TWO KEY CONCEPTS
2.1 Light converted into heat, in a targeted manner
The principle is based on selective photothermolysis: a laser beam of a specific wavelength is absorbed by a target (in this case, primarily the melanin in the hair) and converted into heat to selectively damage the follicle, minimising the impact on surrounding tissues. It is a fundamental concept in laser dermatology.
This is also why seasonality matters: tanned skin means more melanin on the surface and therefore a narrower safety margin. It is not an absolute prohibition, but it requires caution and the selection of suitable parameters and technologies.
2.2 Why multiple sessions are needed: the hair growth cycle
Laser treatment is most effective on hairs in the growth phase (anagen). As not all hairs are in the anagen phase at the same time, the treatment is carried out in ‘waves’: each session targets a portion of the hairs in the area, which is why the course of treatment involves several appointments.
Here is an important practical detail: sticking to the intervals is key to the result. If you rush things, many hairs will not yet be in the right phase; if you wait too long, you unnecessarily prolong the cycle.
CHAPTER 3 – THE MAIN LASERS USED FOR HAIR REMOVAL
When discussing “laser” hair removal, it is important to distinguish between different technologies. And the most important difference is the wavelength of the laser beam (for example, 755, 810, 1064 nm): this determines how much light is absorbed by melanin and how deep it can penetrate. This is why some lasers are better suited to fair skin types, others offer a greater safety margin for darker skin types, and others aim for a balance.
3.1 Alexandrite 755 nm: effective on fair skin, but requires caution on darker skin types
The Alexandrite laser (755 nm) is often chosen for fair skin with well-pigmented hair. Thanks to its high affinity for melanin, it can produce good results even when the hair is finer, provided it remains sufficiently dark. On very tanned skin or darker skin types, careful assessment is required, as surface absorption increases the risk of adverse reactions. The use of this technology requires specialist medical supervision and may only be used in aesthetic medicine applications.
3.2 Nd:YAG 1064 nm: more suitable for darker skin types, less ideal for light or fine hair
The Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) is absorbed less by epidermal melanin and, for this reason, is often considered a safer option for darker skin types or skin prone to pigmentation, provided it is correctly calibrated. On the other hand, it may be less effective, particularly on finer or less pigmented hair. In this case too, the use of this technology requires specialist medical supervision and may only be used in aesthetic medicine applications.
3.3 808–810 nm diode: the most common compromise.
Diode lasers operating at around 808–810 nm are among the most widely used because they offer a good balance between efficacy and versatility across many skin types. Although they are not intended exclusively for medical use, the settings, cooling, the operator’s experience and adherence to treatment intervals remain crucial for consistent results and for minimising risks, particularly in tanned skin.
3.4 Multi-wavelength diode (‘three-phase’ approach)
In recent years, technological systems have been developed that combine multiple wavelengths within the same laser handpiece (for example, 755 + 810 + 1064 nm) and can be used in a single session. This type of technology was developed to overcome the limitations of the technologies we have seen previously, with the aim of increasing flexibility: working at different depths and adapting better to skin type and hair characteristics without the need to change technology. In Lugano, Studio17 uses Soprano Titanium (Alma Lasers), which falls into this category. A diode laser that combines three wavelengths and incorporates a cooling system, using a progressive treatment method (SHR). This broadens the scope for personalisation, but does not replace the initial assessment and the correct setting of parameters.
3.5 What about IPL? Key differences
IPL (intense pulsed light) is not actually a laser: it emits a broad spectrum of light that is filtered and modulated. It can be used for photoepilation, but its selectivity is different and results in clinical trials are often more variable than with many laser technologies. In Switzerland, the FOPH includes lasers and IPL in the same safety recommendations: eye protection, management of contraindications, caution regarding sun exposure and photosensitising medications, and clear pre- and post-treatment guidelines.
CHAPTER 4 – SAFETY: WHAT TO CHECK (WITHOUT BECOMING ‘TECHNICIANS’)
4.1 O-LRNIS and certificate of competence
In Switzerland, a specific certificate of competence is required for certain cosmetic treatments involving non-ionising radiation and sound stimulation. From 1 June 2024, the treatments listed in the O-LRNIS may only be carried out by individuals who have obtained the relevant certificate, and the FOPH provides information and verification tools. As a customer, you do not need to know the regulations by heart. All you need to do is ask a simple, straightforward question: “Is the person carrying out the treatment qualified under the O-LRNIS for this type of hair removal?”
4.2 Useful questions to ask during a consultation
To get your bearings without getting bogged down in technicalities, try asking yourself a few very practical questions:
- Given my skin type and current tan, does it make sense to start now, or is it better to wait?
- How do you treat sensitive areas (bikini line, face), and how does the procedure differ from that for a leg?
- If I am taking medication or using active skincare products (retinoids, acids), what should I stop using and for how long?
- What should I expect in the 48 hours following the session, and what signs should prompt me to contact you?
- What type of eye protection do you use, and how do you treat pigmented areas?
A well-organised centre is usually happy for you to be well-informed: it reduces misunderstandings and improves the outcome.
4.3 Eye protection, moles and tattoos: the details that matter
Eye protection is not optional: simply closing your eyes is not enough. You must use a device that provides full coverage. Extreme caution must be exercised in areas very close to the eyes: if in doubt, ask explicitly whether the area can be treated safely and what restrictions apply. If there are moles in the area, they must be avoided or protected. This is also a point emphasised by the FOPH: a responsible centre will identify them and manage them with care.
When it comes to tattoos, the rule of thumb is to exercise extreme caution; the area should not be treated: they contain a high concentration of pigment and are not a ‘neutral’ target. During a consultation, it is always advisable to point out where they are, even if they are small or faded.
4.4 Side effects: what is common, what is rare
After the treatment, temporary redness and mild swelling around the hair follicles are common. If the skin was very sensitive or the area is delicate, the sensation of warmth may last for a few hours. More serious complications (burns, blisters, persistent hyper- or hypopigmentation, scarring) are rare when parameters and guidelines are followed, but are described in the literature as possible, often associated with tanned skin, darker skin types treated with inappropriate settings, or superficial post-treatment care.
There is also a little-known but very real phenomenon: paradoxical hypertrichosis, which is an unexpected increase in hair growth in surrounding areas following laser or IPL treatment. It is rare and not fully understood; some studies suggest a higher risk in certain areas of the face and in the presence of predisposing factors. For this reason, a cautious approach is advisable when treating the face and fine vellus hair. Among the hypotheses discussed in the literature is the use of excessively low energy levels (sub-therapeutic fluence), which could contribute to the phenomenon in certain situations.
CHAPTER 5 – THE PROGRAMME: TIMETABLE, MAINTENANCE, WHAT HAPPENS BETWEEN SESSIONS
5.1 How many sessions and how often
There is no one-size-fits-all figure, but there is a general guideline. Many treatment courses start with around six sessions and are adjusted according to the area being treated and the individual’s response. Information materials from dermatological associations also often cite around six treatments as an initial benchmark.
On the Studio17 website, for the Soprano Titanium treatment programme, a range of 6–8 sessions is generally indicated, and the importance of adhering to the intervals between appointments is emphasised.
5.2 How long does a session last?
The duration depends on the area. Some areas are quick, whilst others take longer because the surface area is large or because multiple passes are required. Speed is convenient, but what matters is the quality of the treatment: even coverage, appropriate settings, ensuring the client’s comfort, and paying attention to the skin’s response.
5.3 What happens after a session: hair ‘shedding’
One surprising fact: the hairs do not always ‘disappear’ straight away. They are often shed gradually over the following weeks. Study 17, for example, suggests a typical timeframe of 1–3 weeks, which varies depending on the area.
In the meantime:
- shaving: yes, when necessary;
- waxing/tweezing/epilator: no, because they remove the target hair and make the next session less effective.
5.4 References: why they can be useful
A follow-up treatment does not mean that “it didn’t work”. It is often the simplest strategy for maintaining the reduction over time, particularly in areas where regrowth is influenced by hormones. Study 17 recommends follow-up treatments 1–2 times a year for maintenance, but the frequency should be tailored to the individual.
CHAPTER 6 – BEFORE AND AFTER: THE MOST UNDERRATED (AND MOST CRUCIAL) PART
Pre- and post-treatment instructions are essential: they ensure safety and effectiveness.
Before the meeting, in summary:
- avoid intense sunbathing and solariums; if you have sunburn or very tanned skin, postponing the treatment is often the best option;
- avoid using irritating or photosensitising products on the area in the week leading up to the treatment (if advised);
- shave the area the day before, following the instructions;
- inform us of any medications, treatments or specific sensitivities.
- Moisturise the skin well in the days leading up to the session; on the day of the treatment, the area must be clean and free from creams, oils, perfumes or deodorants.
Following the meeting, in summary:
- avoid the sun and apply SPF 50+ to exposed areas;
- moisturise and soothe the skin, using fragrance-free products and avoiding exfoliants;
- avoid intense heat for 48 hours (saunas, steam rooms, high-intensity workouts);
- if you experience severe or persistent reactions, contact the centre immediately and consider seeking medical advice.
CONCLUSION
A good laser hair removal programme is recognised by how it is planned before it even begins: a proper consultation, a sensible schedule, practical advice and a focus on safety. Technology and comfort matter, but it is expertise and method that make the biggest difference. In Lugano, Studio17 offers laser hair removal using the Soprano Titanium (Alma Lasers), clearly explaining precautions, limitations (very light hair) and the rationale behind the treatment cycle, as well as providing an indicative price list by area and flat-rate packages. If you’d like a personalised assessment, the simplest approach is to book a consultation and bring specific questions (skin type, sun exposure, medication, sensitive areas, realistic goals).
SNAPSHOT / MINI-GLOSSARY
- Skin type (Fitzpatrick): classification of how the skin reacts to the sun (from I very fair to VI very dark).
- Anagen / Catagen / Telogen: phases of the hair growth cycle; the anagen phase is the most responsive to laser hair removal.
- Selective photothermolysis: the principle whereby a specific wavelength is absorbed by a target (e.g. melanin) and converted into heat in a targeted manner.
- IPL: intense pulsed light, not a laser; it can be used in photoepilation protocols.
- Paradoxical hypertrichosis: unexpected increase in hair growth following laser/IPL treatments, rare but documented.
FAQ
Does laser hair removal remove hair permanently?
It is unrealistic to talk of total and permanent hair removal for everyone. A more realistic goal is a significant and long-lasting reduction in hair growth, resulting in finer and sparser hair; touch-up sessions may be useful in some areas.
How many sessions are needed and how often?
We often start with a basic course of around 6 sessions and adjust this depending on the area and your response. Studio17 generally recommends 6–8 sessions and emphasises the importance of sticking to the intervals.
Can I have laser treatment if I’ve been sunbathing?
Intense sun and a tan increase the risk of irritation and pigmentation. The FOPH recommendations advise avoiding sun exposure and, after the session, using SPF 50+. If you have recently tanned, it is often safer to reschedule.
Does it hurt?
The sensation varies greatly (area, hair density, personal sensitivity). Technologies with integrated cooling aid comfort, but it is normal to feel heat or slight pinching. If you experience excessive pain during the session, you should say so immediately: adjusting the settings is part of a proper protocol.
Does it work on white or light blonde hair?
Generally not, because there is insufficient melanin. Studio17 explicitly states that white and blonde hair cannot be permanently removed and that a test may be useful for red hair.
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Treatments and Protocols at Studio17